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10InstallationandServingAirConditionerUsingR410A

10.1.OUTLINE

10.1.1AboutR410ARefrigerant

1.ConvertingairconditionerstoR410A

Sinceitwasdeclaredin1974thatchlorofluorocarbons(CFC),hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFC)andothersubstancespose

adestructivedangertotheozonelayerintheearth supperstratosphere(20to40kmabovetheearth),measureshavebeen

takenaroundtheworldtopreventthisdestruction.

TheR22refrigerantwhichhasconventionallybeenusedinACsisanHCFCrefrigerantand,therefore,possessesthisozone

destroyingpotential.Internationalregulations(theMontrealProtocolOzone-DamagingSubstances)andthedomesticlawsof

variouscountriescallfortheearlysubstitutionofR22byarefrigerantwhichwillnotharmtheozonelayer.

InACs,theHFCrefrigerantwhichhasbecomethemainstreamalternativecalledR410A.ComparedwithR22,the

pressureofR410Aisapproximately1.6timesashighatthesamerefrigeranttemperature,buttheenergy

efficiencyisaboutthesame.Consistingofhydrogen(H),fluorine(F)andcarbon(C),R410AisanHFC

refrigerant.AnothertypicalHFCrefrigerantisR407C.WhiletheenergyefficiencyofR407Cissomewhatinferior

tothatofR410A,itofferstheadvantageofhavingpressurecharacteristicswhichareaboutthesameasthoseof

R22,andisusedmainlyinpackagedAcs.

2.ThecharacteristicsofHFC(R410A)refrigerants

a.Chemicalcharacteristics

ThechemicalcharacteristicsofR410AaresimilartothoseofR22inthatbotharechemicallystable,non-

flammablerefrigerantswithlowtoxicity.

However,justlikeR22,thespecificgravityofR410Agasisheavierthanthatofair.Becauseofthis,itcancause

anoxygendeficiencyifitleaksintoaclosedroomsinceitcollectsinthelowerareaoftheroom.Italsogenerates

toxicgaswhenitisdirectlyexposedtoaflame,soitmustbeusedinawellventilatedenvironmentwhereitwill

notcollect.

Table1PhysicalcomparisonofR410AandR22

Composition(wt%)

Boilingpoint( C)

Vaporizingpressure(25 C)

Saturatedvapordensity

Flammability

Ozone-destroyingpoint(ODP)

Global-warmingpoint(GWP)

R410A

R32/R125(50/50)

-51.4

1.56Mpa(15.9kgf/cm2)

64.0kg/m3

Non-flammable

1730

R22

R22(100)

-40.8

0.94Mpa(9.6kgf/cm2)

44.4kg/m3

Non-flammable

0.005

1700

b.Compositionalchange(pseudo-azeotropiccharacteristics)

R410Aisapseudo-azeotropicmixturecomprisingthetwocomponentsR32andR125.Multi-component

refrigerantswiththesechemicalcharacteristicsexhibitlittlecompositionalchangeevenfromphasechanges

duetovaporization9orcondensation),whichmeansthatthereislittlechangeinthecirculatingrefrigerant

compositionevenwhentherefrigerantleaksfromthegaseoussectionofthepiping.

Accordingly,R410Acanbehandledinalmostthesamemannerasthesingle-componentrefrigerantR22.

However,whencharging,becausethereisaslightchangeincompositionbetweenthegasphaseandtheliquid

phaseinsideacylinderorothercontainer,chargingshouldbasicallybeginwiththeliquidside.

c.Pressurecharacteristics

AsseeninTable2,thegaspressureofR410Aisapproximately1.6timesashighasthatofR22atthesame

refrigeranttemperature,whichmeansthatspecialR410Atoolsandmaterialswithhigh-pressurespecifications

mustbeusedforallrefrigerantpipingworkandservicing.

Table2ComparisonofR410AandR22saturatedvapordensity

R410A

0.30

0.70

1.35

2.30

3.73

4.15

R22

0.14

0.40

0.81

1.42

2.33

2.60

RefrigerantTemperature()

-20

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